Manki-Munda System

Recently, Adivasis of the Ho tribe in Jharkhand’s Kolhan protested against administrative interference in the hereditary Manki-Munda system.

What is the Manki-Munda system?

  • Self-governance Structure: The Manki-Munda system is an ancient self-governance structure of the Ho tribe.
  • Composition: A Munda heads one village, while a Manki supervises a “pidh,” a cluster of 8–15 villages.
  • Scope: The system addresses customary disputes but does not manage revenue, taxation, or land rights.
  • British Codification: Captain Thomas Wilkinson codified the system between 1833 and 1837 under the “Wilkinson’s Rules”, integrating them into British administration.
  • Current Status: The Patna High Court (2000) held the system to be customary, not ....
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